Diseases and Disorders

The following diseases and disorders apply to muscle and muscle tissue:

Atony

Lack of muscle tone.

Atrophy

Wasting of the muscle. This can occur as a result of

1. lack of use due to injury
   
   
2. under-nourishment and therefore a depletion of protein
   
   
3. disease e.g. polio
   
   

Myositis

Inflamation (-itis) of the muscle (myo-)

Fibrositis

Inflamation of the soft tissue around the muscle, such as lumbage and toticollis (the neck). It is the result of accumulation of lactate or urea.

Muscle fatigue

Due to either the acute accumulation of lactate or the depletion of glycogen

1. Acute lactate accumulation as a result of anaerobic activity, the pH level falls and thus enzymes don't work.
   
   NB: this does NOT lead to fibrositis.
   
   
2. Glycogen is the muscle energy store
   
   

Cramp

Localised, involuntary, sustained contraction of skeletal muscle, caused by a lack of salt or dehydration or temperature change.

Spasm

Sustained contraction often in response to pain.

Sprains

Damage to ligaments due to a lever effect or stress, leading to inflamation.

Strains

Over-use of a muscle or tendon, damage to a sheath or tearing a muscle. Can be caused by injury.

Rupture

Tear of muscle sheath or fascia.

Spasticity

Inhibitory nerve is not working. After being innervated, the muscles ability to inhibit the innervation is not present.

Stress

Physical or mental, leading to muscle tension.